Presto content creators consult authoritative music theory sources to ensure the highest quality content.

Sources consulted include:

Ben-Amots, Ofer, and Allyssa Lamb. The Big Site of Music Notation and Engraving Colorado College. Accessed 2009.

Gould, Elaine. Behind Bars: The Definitive Guide to Music Notation. London: Faber Music, 2011.

Green, Douglass M. Form in Tonal Music: An Introduction to Analysis. 2nd ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1979.

Johnson, Julie McIntosh. Basics of Keyboard Theory Levels 1-3. 5th ed. Yorba Linda, CA: J. Johnson Music Publications, 2007.

Randel, Don Michael, ed. The Harvard Dictionary of Music. 4th ed. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003.

Read, Gardner. Music Notation: A Manual of Modern Practice. Second Edition. Boston: Crescendo Publishers, 1969. (paperback edition: New York: Taplinger Publishing Company, 1979).

Sadie, Stanley, ed. The Norton/Grove Concise Encyclopedia of Music. London: Macmillan Press, 1988.

Stone, Kurt. Music Notation in the Twentieth Century: A Practical Guidebook. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1980.

Surmani, Andrew, Karen Farnum Surmani, and Morton Manus. Alfred’s Essentials of Music Theory. Van Nuys, CA: Alfred Publishing Company, 1998.

Weaner, Maxwell, and Walter Boelke (first edition). Broido, Arnold, and Daniel Dorf (revised edition). Standard Music Notation Practice. Music Publisher’s Association of the United States.

Williams, C. F. Abdy. The Story of Notation. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1903.